Phyllobates Lugubris at www.poison-frogs.com

Poison Frogs - Species - Phyllobates Lugubris

Discovery	O. Schmidt, 1857, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 24: 12.
Type locality	"Neu-Granada"; is limited to "der Weg zwischen Bocca del toro und dem Vulcan Chiriqui [Panama]...zwischen 5000' und 7000' Höhe" (the road between Bocca del toro and the Vulcan Chiriqui [Panama]… between 5000' and 7000' elevation").
Holotype	The holotype: KM 1016/1347 used to be in the Muzeum Przyrodnicze Uniwersytetu Jagiellon~skiego, Poland, but it got lost according to Savage (1970, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, (4)38: 279).
Etymology
Classification	Ph. lugubris is a member of the Phyllobates-group
Synonymy	English name: Lovely Poison Frog - Dendrobates lugubris O. Schmidt, 1857 - Hylaplesia lugubris--Brocchi, 1882, Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale. Ouvrage publié par Ordre du Ministère de l'Instruction Publique. Recherches Zoologiques. Vol. 3. Paris, Batr., 2: 2: 88. - Dendrobates lugubris--Werner, 1901, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 51: 631. - Phyllobates beatriciae Barbour and Dunn, 1921, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 34: 159. Holotype: MCZ 8022 (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University). Type locality: "wooded hill back of Victoria farm near Zent not far from Puerto Limon, Costa Rica". Synonymyy by Dunn, 1924, Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, 151: 5; Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 640. - Phyllobates lugubris--Dunn, 1924, Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, 151: 5; Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 640; Silverstone, 1976, Science Bulletin. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 27: 5. - Dendrobates lugubris--Dunn, 1940, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 92: 110.
History
Physical description	18-24 mm, with two yellow, orange or golden stripes going over the eye up to the snout. The base colour is black. The limbs are yellow to green marbled. There are no large colour variations between the different populations. The animals from Isla Nancy or Isla Bastimentos have a broader golden-orange dorsal stripe then the animals coming from Isla Christobal or Almirante have. The frogs from Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica have an additional half or complete stripe over the middle of the back.
Distribution	Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama, including the islands like Isla Colon, Isla Bastimentos etc. Ph. lugubris can be found up to 650 m elevation.
Biotope	Bottom dweller of the rainforests of Costa Rica and Panama. The can be found in the vicinity of small creeks.
Care and breeding	Phyllobates lugubris can be kept in a vivarium of 60 x 40 x 50cm (lxdxh) for 1 male and 2 females. A vivarium with many hiding places on the bottom and a temperature of 25-27°C. Ph. lugubris is a shy frog. The call is a clear vibrating sound, usually just after rain. The up to 18 eggs are placed in hollows like plastic film boxes. After 14 to 18 days they hatch and the larvae are brought to a larger water reservoir by the male. The larvae feed on algae, drowned insects and fish flakes. Metamorphosis takes 6 to 8 weeks at 24°C. Ph. lugubris is a tolerant frog and can be kept together with other species.
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